ANIA C1 Group 8 Lesson 5

Class
Notes taken from Thomson and Martinet

Future perfect

It is normally used with a time expression beginning with: by, by then, by that time, by December etc.

By the end of next month he will have been here for ten years.

It is used for an action which at a given future time will be in the past, or will just have finished. Imagine that it is 3 December and David is very worried about an exam that he is taking on 13 December.

Someone planning a party might say:

We'd better wait fill 14 December. David will have had his exam by then, so he'll be able to

enjoy himself.

Future continuous

The future continuous can be used as an ordinary continuous tense

This time tomorrow they will be sitting in the cinema. They will be watching a film. On Saturday there is no class. So on Saturday they will not be sitting in the classroom. They will be doing other things.

The future continuous can be used to express future without intention 

e.g. I will work here! (intention), I will be working here next year (statement)

The future continuous also expresses an action that will happen not deliberately but in due course. To understand this compare the present continuous and the future continuous:

I am seeing Tom tomorrow.

I'll be seeing Tom tomorrow.

The first implies that Tom or the speaker has deliberately arranged the meeting, but the second implies that Tom and the speaker will meet in the ordinary course of events (perhaps they work together).

Questions with the future continuous are more tentative and therefore polite:

Will you be playing golf this weekend?

Perfect infinitive

The perfect infinitive refers to a time before that of the preceding verb:
I'm glad to have studied at that school.
They must have forgotten about the deadline.
By next week, they'll have finished painting the rooms.

Lucy was assumed to have left the day before.

The future in the past 

from English Grammar Today
When we talk about the past, we sometimes want to refer to something which was in the future at the time we were speaking. We use past verb forms to do this:

The last time I met her, she was leaving for a new job in Italy the following day. (past form of She is leaving)

They rang to say they would be with us by ten o’clock but then their flight was cancelled. (past form of They will be with us)

Revision

Look at:

• Unit 1 for a discussion of simple, continuous and perfect aspects (pp. 10 - 11, 134 - 135) See also: http://seansenglishclassroom.pbworks.com/w/page/11442655/The%20English%20Tense%20System
• Unit 4 for future forms with to be (p. 43, 140 -141)
• Unit 5 for the future in the past (pp. 50 - 51, 142 -143)