Language focus 1 adj & adj + noun combinations
Legal and technical monopoly
Sustainable and profitable growth
Political and economic agenda
Impressive and symbolic order
Language focus 2 tenses that talk about the past
(1)
1 past continuous, 2 past simple, 3 present perfect, 4 past simple, 5 past perfect
(2)
1 past simple, 2 present perfect, 3 past perfect, 4 past continuous.
(3)
Past simple: last week, for one year, recently, already, yesterday, one hundred years ago, in the 1980s
Past continuous: when it happened
Present perfect: in my life, this is the first time, for one year, recently, already this century
Past perfect: when it happened, already
(4)
1 was working, 2 joined, had worked (or the past simple can be used here as well), 3 worked, have worked, 4 had done.
In Q. 2 it is clear which action came first through the use of before and first and so the past simple can be used.
However, when it is not clear,you must use the past perfect to show which action happened first.
Compare:
When he got to work he had seen the dentist.
When he got to work he saw the dentist.
Building Relationships p. 17
Listening - Judging Emotions
Brian often uses ellipsis:
Tell me (about) last night
(Did you have) a good meal out in Aachen?
Oh, (did you go to the) Lycae?
(Did you sit) downstairs or upstairs?
I must go (there) sometime.
(Was it) good?
(I'm a) little bit jealous actually.
While ellipsis helps to make Brian sound friendlier, intonation is important because if not used effectively, questions won't sound like questions. This listening is a fairly good example of effective small talk though Brian is clearly in control as he starts most of the conversations.
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