D'Amico Shipping B2 Lesson 15

Class

1. Introduction to modal auxiliary verbs
2. Introduction to Health & Safety - Unit 6 p. 46

Homework

Vocabulary questions 2 - 6 pp. 46 - 47 

Notes

It is very important to know what use the modal is being put to as this will determine which structures are possible. Look at the difference when must is used to show obligation and when it is used to show deduction:

  

Obligation:

Present/Future: I must study hard for the exam.

Past: I had to study hard for the exam yesterday.

The opposite of must is mustn’t (prohibition) or don’t have to (lack of obligation)

Deduction:

Present/Future: He must be very rich, he drives an expensive car.

Past: He must have been very handsome when he was young.

The opposite of must is can’t.

It had to be him = obligation e.g. no other person had the authority to do it.

It must have been him  = deduction e.g. No other person was present so I can deduce that he did it.